33 Comments in moderation

West African Court of Appeal & Privy Council

JAMES LATUNDE ADEROKU

V.

THE UNITED AFRICA COMPANY LIMITED

WEST AFRICAN COURT OF APPEAL HOLDEN AT LAGOS, NIGERIA

11TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1938

2PLR/1938/7 (WACA)

OTHER CITATION(S)

2PLR/1938/7 (WACA)

(1938) IV WACA PP. 161

LEX (1938) – IV WACA P. 161

BEFORE THEIR LORDSHIPS:

KINGDON, C.J., NIGERIA

PETRIDES, C.J., GOLD COAST

WEBB, C.J., SIERRA LEONE

BETWEEN:

JAMES LATUNDE ADEROKU — Plaintiff-Appellant

AND

THE UNITED AFRICA COMPANY LIMITED — Defendant-Respondent

ORIGINATING COURT(S)

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT OF HIGH COURT OF THE KADUNA DIVISION

REPRESENTATION

Caxton Martins — for Appellant

J. C. Ticehurst — for Respondent

ISSUE(S) FROM THE CAUSE(S) OF ACTION

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION — MULTIDOOR/HYBRID PROCESSES:- Court referral to a referee pursuant to a consent order “to investigate the plaintiff’s claim and report to this Court” — Validity of referral/vague award arising therefrom

REAL ESTATE AND PROPERTY LAW:- Claim for an account for use and occupation of premises — Court order referring claim to referee to investigate rival claims — Duty of court thereto — Duty of referee — Where evidence shows that defendants were really in possession as mortgagees — Legal effect

DECISION OF THE WEST AFRICAN COURT OF APPEAL

Held:

1.     The plaintiff claimed for use and occupation of his premises by the defendants. The referee dealt with this claim by merely saying that whatever was allowed would be less than the plaintiff owed to the defendants, but there is nothing to show how he arrived at this conclusion, nor was there any plea in the nature of a set-off or counter-claim by the defendants. It now appears that the defendants were really in possession as mortgagees and their counsel admits that he cannot resist a claim for an account against them as such.

2.     Inasmuch as the order of reference was made by consent and the claim does not ask for an account against the defendants as mortgagees, the proper order as to costs is that each party should bear his own costs of the appeal, and that the costs in the Court below should be in the discretion of the trial Judge.

Owing to vagueness of the Order the Referee considered issues not properly within his scope; appeal allowed and case remitted to trial Court to deal with appellant’s claim for an account.

MAIN JUDGMENT

The following joint judgment was delivered:

KINGDON, C.J., NIGERIA, PETRIDES, C.J., GOLD COAST AND WEBB, C.J., SIERRA LEONE.

In this case a consent order was made on 10th February, 1937, referring it to a referee “to investigate the plaintiff’s claim and report to this Court.”

The terms of this order were not justified by the provisions of Order 28 Rule 1 which empowers the Court to order “any question or issue of fact, or any question of account” to be investigated before a referee, and where such an order is made it should specify clearly what particular questions of fact, are to be investigated.

As a result of the vagueness of the order the referee embarked upon what was really a trial of the action; this we think was wrong.

The plaintiff claimed for use and occupation of his premises by the defendants. The referee dealt with this claim by merely saying that whatever was allowed would be less than the plaintiff owed to the defendants, but there is nothing to show us how he arrived at this conclusion, nor was there any plea in the nature of a set-off or counter-claim by the defendants. It now appears that the defendants were really in possession as mortgagees and their counsel admits that he cannot resist a claim for an account against them as such.

In these circumstances the appeal is allowed and it is ordered that the judgment herein dated 2nd December, 1937, be set aside and that the case be remitted to the High Court of the Kaduna Division to deal with the plaintiff’s claim for an account, liberty being reserved to both plaintiff and defendants to amend their pleadings as they may be advised and upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as the Court shall deem proper.

Inasmuch as the order of reference was made by consent and the claim does not ask for an account against the defendants as mortgagees, we think that the proper order as to costs is that each party should bear his own costs of the appeal, and that the costs in the Court below should be in the discretion of the trial Judge, and order accordingly.